Total hip replacement, also known as total hip arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or worn-out hip joint is replaced with an artificial implant. This procedure is typically performed to relieve pain and improve mobility in individuals suffering from conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or hip fractures.

Components of a Hip Replacement

The artificial hip implant generally consists of:
1. Acetabular cup (replaces the hip socket).
2. Femoral stem (inserted into the thighbone).
3. Femoral head (replaces the ball at the top of the femur).

Procedure
1. Incision: A surgical cut is made along the side or front of the hip.
2. Removal of damaged bone and cartilage: The damaged ball (head of the femur) and the socket (acetabulum) are removed.
3. Implantation: The artificial cup is placed into the socket, and the femoral component is placed into the femur. The new ball is attached to the femoral stem and inserted into the artificial socket.
4. Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or staples.

Recovery
Hospital Stay: Typically 2-4 days, but some may leave sooner depending on the surgical approach and recovery.
Physical Therapy: Begins shortly after surgery to regain strength and mobility.
Full Recovery: Usually takes about 3-6 months, depending on the patient's age, health, and rehabilitation progress.

Risks
While total hip replacement is generally safe and highly successful, potential risks include:
Infection
Blood clots
Dislocation of the hip joint
Wear and tear of the artificial joint over time
Nerve or blood vessel injury

Most patients experience significant pain relief and improved function after the procedure.